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dr. phil on science education

Studying in College

Why is it harder to study than it used to be?

The amount of homework, lab and preparation time that most
students need is very different in college than in high school.
For some students, this may be the first time you've really
had to study before.

An old rule of thumb suggested that you need at least one to two 
hours of study time per week for every credit hour you are taking.
So if you're taking 15 credits, you should have 15-30 hours of 
study time during the week, outside of the classroom.  Most people
do not make that much time available, but if you do, it becomes
clear that taking a full course load at college is the equivalent 
of a full-time job!

First, Make Time for Studying

There are lots of demands on your time, especially if you are
living away from home for the first time in your life and also
if you are working a job in order to stay in school.

You want to make studying a common activity, something you can
sit down and start and stop on command.  If you aren't doing much
studying, try picking one hour to study every night, say 8-9pm.
Not too late, so you aren't falling asleep.  And make a commitment
to that time.  Don't cheat to watch TV or hang with your friends.

If you don't make time for studying, then studying is not likely
to happen.

Second, Make a Place for Studying

Lots of students crack open the books wherever they are -- in
their dorm room, on the bus, at a table in the Bronco Mall or
one of the open student areas at Parkview or Wood Hall, the
Library, etc.

If you aren't used to studying or if your study time isn't very
effective, you might want to find some place to make your own
during your scheduled study time.  You may not want to use your
bedroom -- find a table or a desk elsewhere.  In the beginning
you might want to seek out someplace quiet, like the Library.

Eventually, when you build up a routine for studying, you may 
be able to study wherever and whenever is convenient, but even
then it is good to keep track of your hours.  No backsliding! 

Third, Make an Environment for Studying

Doesn't everyone have an iPod/CD/MP3 player plugged into their 
ears 24/7?  Cell phone turned on with six downloadable ring tones?  
Latest video game ready to go for your next study break on the
PlayStation/2 or Xbox?  And caffeine...  Plus don't forget the
snacks!

The problem is often that we spend more time preparing to study
than actually studying.  If you surround yourself with distractions,
you won't be able to pay attention to the material.  You can turn
your phone off for an hour and the world won't end.  And turn it 
off -- putting it on vibrate means you still know when someone's 
calling and you know you're going to check the Caller ID to see if
it's "important."  The idea is that your scheduled study time is 
what's important.

You don't have to suffer in silence, though.

Music can create an isolation buffer between you and the outside
world.  You might want to create a playlist just for studying,
and then not change it for the semester so the music just becomes
part of the background.  And part of your regular routine.

Study Alone or With a Group?

Ideally you should do both.  Usually you end up having to take 
tests by yourself, so you need to be able to work the material by
yourself.  On the other hand, working with a small study group
(2 to 4 people) can be a very effective way of finding your own
weaknesses, to say nothing of the fact that helping another 
student is a very good way to reinforce your own knowledge.

Don't know anybody in that large lecture class?  That's supposed to
be one of the points of the STEP Program, that you're in a Student
Learning Community with other students that you recognize.  But
schedule changes and the like sometimes makes that not work out as
intended.

If you want to join or form a study group, just before class or just
after, stand up and call out, "I'm looking for some people to form a
small study group.  Is anyone interested?"  You'll find that often
there are lots of people who would like to be in a study group, but
they "don't know anyone" and won't stand up and ask.  It's not the
sort of thing that your instructor can help with -- people's 
schedules are too different, so you need to talk with the other
students on your own and get organized yourself.

So What Does Studying Mean?

This is the question that a lot of students forget to ask.  And
the answer is going to depend on the course, the student and what
is required in the class.  It can include, but is not limited to:

-- Reading the textbook
-- Reading your notes
-- Reworking the examples given in class or in the book
-- Doing homework problems, assigned or not
-- Copying your notes over so they are clean and readable
-- Writing up a formula card or review sheet, so you can keep
   track of what is being covered in the class
-- Checking other sources, especially if there is a class website
   or your instructor is using WebCT, or if there are other
   materials to read for your course
-- Going over old exam problems, if available, or reviewing your 
   own performance on quizzes and exams
-- Writing up questions that you want to know the answer, either 
   for asking in class, instructor's office hours, etc.

What Isn't Studying...

-- Carrying around your books and notes without ever looking
   at them
-- Staring at the same page or same problem for hours without
   knowing what to do next
-- Or reworking the same problem with the same mistakes over and
   over again -- you can successfully teach yourself how not to
   do the problem
-- Leaving books and notes open, but carrying on conversations 
   and doing everything but looking at them

There are no prizes for the number of pounds of stuff you carry 
around or the number of hours your books lie open, if you don't
use them.

Don't Procrastinate!

There are thousands of ways to waste time and manage not to get
any studying done.  You can spend hours working up a new playlist
for your iPod.  You can take a "quick break" to check your e-mail
or listen for the ding of an Instant Message or pause so you can 
"just take this one call."  You can promise yourself that you can
"make up the study time later", but you never will.

Resist all temptations!

All-Nighters

This is college -- aren't you supposed to pull all-nighters to 
study for important tests and write papers?

The sad truth is that the all-nighter is greatly overrated.  People
who are tired are very ineffective.  You won't be able to solve 
problems on the test.  You won't be able to remember what you just
read.  And your paper will have many errors that you won't be able 
to catch because your mind is operating in a fog.

The secret to studying and writing papers is to start studying and
writing the paper well in advance, so you aren't trying to cram it
all in at the last minute.  Because the two most effective things
you can do for yourself are: (1) get enough sleep and (2) take your
tests under the same level of alertness as you took the class and
studied.  Pull an all-nighter and your body & mind will rebel, and
that cannot be good for your grades.

However...

Sometimes when you've hit a wall and you're not getting anything 
done, you should put everything away, go doing something else and
come back to your work later.

Don't completely isolate yourself from every and all activities.
You need to find a balance between study time and taking advantage
of all the other things that a college education can offer.

We'll certainly be reminding you of opporunities and activities 
during the coming semester, so stay tuned.

Check your campus e-mail daily -- twice daily is even better.  And
keep checking these web pages for updates. 


Last Update: 15 September 2006 Friday.